Unit of Life: Definition of life, Cell as the basic unit of life. Cell theory, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell structure and differences.
Ultrastructure and functions of cellular components: Cell wall, Plasma membrane, Plastid, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Lysosomes, Nucleus, Centrosomes, Cilia, Flagella.
Microscopy: Components and principles of Simple and Compound Microscope; Electron Microscope : Basic functional principles. Physical and chemical principles involved in maintenance of life processes :Diffusion, Osmosis, Absorption, Osmoregulation.
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Biomolecules: Classification and structural properties of carbohydrates, lipids, aminoacids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, digosaccharides, and polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose). Proteins: Simple (albumins, globulins, collagen) and conjugated proteins (only examples). Nucleic acids: Structure of DNA, RNA, types of RNA. Enzymes: Definition & properties, Examples; Mechanism of Action, Allosterism and Regulation. Chromosomes and Cell Division: Morphology of chromosomes; Euchromatin and Heterochromatin. Nucleic acid as genetic material (Examples: Bacterial Transformation and Viral Transduction). Brief idea of Polytene chromosomes: Cell cycle and phases (excluding control mechanism). Characters of malignant cell; Process & significance of Meiosis. Genetics: Laws of Heredity : (Monohybrid and dihybrid crosses; Mendels laws). Back cross, Test cross, Linkage, Crossing over, Sex linked inheritance Colour blindness, Haemophilia. Mutation: Definition and Types; Replication of DNA, Transcription and Translation (Brief idea).Origin, Evolution and Diversity of Life :Haldane and Oparins concept on origin of life. Modern concept of Natural selection, Biological Species concept. Human evolution: an outline. Taxonomy and Classification: Definition; Importance of Taxonomy, Binomial Nomenclature, Law of Priority (Homonym & Synonym). Concept of Biodiversity: Definition of Biodiversity ; Genetic diversity; Species diversity and Ecosystem diversity. Five kingdom classification (only distinct characters).Salient features of major animal phyla with common examples, classification of Chordates (up to Sub Class) with distinctive characters only. Population Biology: Concept of population growth (logistic and exponential) and population control. Ecosystem: Concept of ecosystem and Biosphere, Wetland. Brief idea of Ecological pyramids, Energy flow, Biogeochemical cycle (concept only). Environmental pollution: Air, water and noise pollution sources effects and probable control strategies; Biomagnification and Bioaccumulation. Cause of Dyslexia, Minamata and Etai etai diseases. Green house effect, BOD, COD, Acid rain and Ozone hole. Virus and Bacteria :Morphological characteristics of Bacteriophage (T2),Plant virus (TMV);Animal virus (influenza),Bacterial cell (E. coli). Staining: Gram staining for bacteria. Biotechnological application of microbes :
Tissue and tissue system:
Functions of life : Photosynthesis: Major photosynthetic pigments, outline concept of light and dark reaction phases, basic idea of bacterial photosynthesis, C2, C3, C4 pathways, CAM (in brief), photorespiration. Respiratory system: (a) Definition of respiration, Mechanisms of glycolysis, Krebs cycle (Flow chart only; calculation for ATP, CO2 & H2O) ; Outline idea of Electron Transport system, Relationships of photosynthesis and respiration. (b) Respiratory system in human: Respiratory tract, Mechanism of breathing, Role of intercostals muscles and diaphragm; Significance of physiological and anatomical dead space. Tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory reserve volumes, residual volume, vital capacity. Composition of inspired, expired and alveolar air. Common respiratory diseases definition and causes Asthma, Tuberculosis, Hypoxia, Anoxia, Apnoea, Dyspnoea. Cardiovascular system & Blood: Anatomy of Heart junctional tissues of the heart; origin and propagation of cardiac impulse. Histological structures of arteries, veins and capillaries. Cardiac cycle: Atrial and ventricular events only; cardiac cycle time, Heart sound. Cardiac output: definition, Stroke and Minutes volume. Blood pressure: factors controlling & measurement. Blood: Composition and functions of blood.Blood coagulation and anticoagulants, Blood group and Rh factor, Blood Transfusion, Lymph and tissue fluid formation and functions, Portal circulation. Nutrition and Digestive system : Basic constituents of food and their nutritional significance. West Bengal JEE 2010 Biological Science Syllabus |