Census of India

Census 2011 :: State Wise Census Data

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Census of India 2011

Population

In the most common sense of the word, a population is the collection of people or organisms of a particular species living in a given geographic area. Populations are studied in a wide variety of ways and disciplines. In population dynamics, size, age and sex structure, mortality, reproductive behaviour, and growth of a population are studied

World Human Population 2011

As of 1 April 2011, the world population is estimated by the United States Census Bureau to be 6.909 billion. The United Nations Population Fund designated 12 October 1999 as the approximate day on which world population reached 6 billion. According to papers published by the United States Census Bureau, the world population hit 6.5 billion ( 6,500,000,000 ) on 24 February 2006.This was about 12 years after world population reached 5 billion in 1987, and 6 years after world population reached 5.5 billion in 1993.

The gap between India, the country with the second largest population in the world and China, the country with the largest population in the world has narrowed from 238 million in 2001 to nearly 131 million in 2011.

Demography is the study of human population dynamics. Population density is a measure of the number of people per unit of area. Variants may express the population per unit of habitable, inhabited, productive ( or potentially productive ), or cultivated area. A particular geographic area of land is said to have a carrying capacity, representing the maximum population which it can support. Some observers of human societies believe that the concept of carrying capacity also applies to human population, and that unchecked population growth can result in a “Malthusian catastrophe”.

Population Growth 2011

Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards.
The gap between India, the country with the second largest population in the world and China, the country with the largest population in the world has narrowed from 238 million in 2001 to nearly 131 million in 2011.

The last 50 years have seen a yet more rapid increase in the rate of population growth due to medical advances and substantial increases in agricultural productivity, particularly beginning in the 1960s, made by the Green Revolution. In 2007 the United Nations Population Division projected that the world’s population will likely surpass 10 billion in 2055.

Importance of Census of India

Census is the process of collecting, compiling, evaluating analyzing and publishing demographic, social and economic data, pertaining to specific point of time to all persons in a country. According to United Nations, the census of population is defined in United Nation document-Principles and Recommendations for National Population Censuses as “the total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining, at a specified time or times to all persons in a country or delimited territory.

The Indian Census is the most credible source of information on Demography ( Population characteristics ), Economic Activity, Literacy and Education, Housing & Household Amenities, Urbanisation, Fertility and Mortality, Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, Language, Religion, Migration ,Disability and many other socio-cultural and demographic data since 1872. Census taking as an old tradition started from the Mauryan period. A systematic and modern population census was conducted non-synchronously between 1865 and 1872 in different parts of the country. The Indian Census has a rich tradition and enjoys the reputation of being one of the best in the world. The first Census in India was conducted in the year 1872.

This was conducted at different points of time in different parts of the country- In 1881 a Census was taken for the entire country simultaneously. Since then, Census has been conducted every ten years, without a break. Thus, the Census of India 2011 will be the fifteenth in this unbroken series since 1872 and the seventh after independence. The Government emphasized the importance of population data and set up a Population Data Committee in 1944 to examine and advise the Government of India on the available data relating to growth of population. This committee comprised of Mr. W.M. Yeatts, the Census Commissioner of India in 1941 as Chairman and Sir Theodore Gregory, Professor PC. Mahalnob is, Professor K.B. Madhava and Dr. K.C. K.E. Raja as members.

The Committee paid special emphasis to the statistical problems relating to the age tabulation of the 1941 census which could not be completed because of financial stringency caused by the Second World War, and also made recommendations for the use of sampling methods for the estimation of vital statistics rates. In particular, they pointed out the use which could be made of the household lists prepared at the census as a sampling frame for obtaining demographic data and recommended their safe keeping. The Health Survey and Development Committee popularly referred to as the Bhore Committee constituted for making plans for post – war developments in the health fields made a comprehensive review of the field of population from the quantitative and qualitative points of view.

It suggested the appointment of Registrar General of Vital and Population Statistics at the centre and Provincial Superintendents in the Provinces with a view to improve the quality of population statistics. The Census Act of 1948 was inserted in the schedule on 20th June, 1959.

The first census after Independence was taken in 1951. The report of 1951 census by the Census Commissioner for India was a complete departure from the pattern of previous census reports. This report attempted to interpret the past changes in the size and structure of India’s population and to point out their implications for the level of living of the population. The report also made a plea for a reduction in the birth rate of the country. The 1951 census also attempted for the first time in the history of Indian census to make an assessment of the accuracy of the census count by a re – check in the field.

The census is available on various subjects : Population, Economy, Finance, Literacy, Sex ratio etc. There are sub topics in each subject, which deed with specific issues of that subject. 1MR Rate, Birth Rate, death Rate in Population, Workers in Various sectors, Male Workers Female Workers, etc, in Economy, Female Literacy, Male Literacy in Literacy and so on.

The 2001 Census enumeration came to a close on the 5th March, 2001 all over the country. It is natural that everyone expects to know the population of the country soon after a Census is completed. But the magnitude of the task of tabulation the lakhs of Census schedules does not permit publication of detailed information on the population immediately. However, some quick tabulation and compilation of data was done and brief but important population data have been released to the public as an interim measure. The Enumerators were required to submit an abstract of the date collected by them in their respective enumeration blocks and these abstracts were consolidated and the important population data were compiled.

Though the Census Organization has a very detailed programme of publications carrying the variegated Census data incorporated in various publications, a small booklet like the present one giving the provisional results is customarily released immediately after the conclusion of the field work. The present publication, which is called “Paper 1 of 2001 Census – Provisional Population Totals” is the first in the series of publications. The other, publications giving detailed data will be released after the Census schedules are edited and tabulated.

General

• The 1981 Census could not be held owing to disturbed conditions prevailing in Assam. Hence the population figures for 1981 of Assam have been worked out by interpolation9.
• The 2991 Census was not held in Jammu & Kashmir. Hence the population figures for 1991 of Jammu & Kashmir have been worked out by ‘Interpolation’.
• The distribution of population of Pondicherry ( Puducherry ) by sex for 1901 ( 246,354 ), and 1931 ( 258,628 ) and 1941 ( 285,011 ) is not available. The figures of India for these years are, therefore, exclusive of these population figures so far as distribution by sex is concerned.

• Arunachal Pradesh was censused for the first time in 1961.
• In 1951, Tuensang was censused for the first time for 129.5 sq. kms of areas only. In 1961 censused areas of Tuensang District of Nagaland was increased to 5356.1 sq. kms.
• Due to non-availability of census data the figures for the decades, from 1901 to 1951 have been estimated for the districts of Kohima, Phek, Wokha, Zunheboto, and Mokokchung of Nagaland. Estimation however could not be done for Tuensang and Mon as they were not fully censused prior to 1961.
• As the sex break – up for the districts.Sheopur, Morena, Bhind, Gwalior, Datia, Shivpuri, Guna, Ratlam, Ujjain, Shajapur, Dewas, Jhabua, Dhar, Indore, West Nimar ( khargone ), Barwani, Rajgarh, Bhopal, Sehore and Raisen is not available for the year 1901. Figures for males and females have been estimated for the year 1901 for Madhya Pradesh.
• One village Ramtapur ( code No. 217 and 101 in 1951 and 1961 respectively ) of Jukka circle of Degulur taluka which was transferred under the state Reorganisation Act, 1956 from Mahar-ashtra to Andhra Pradesh, still continues in Nanded district of Maharashtra. The population of this village has, however, been adjusted in Nizamabad district for the year 1901 – 1951.
• The names of Uttaranchal and Pondicherry have changed to Uttarakhand and Puducherry respectively after Census 2001.

Demographics of India Census 2011

India occupies 2.4% of the world’s land area and supports over 17.5% of the world’s population. India has more arable land area than any country except the United States, and more water area than any country except Canada and the United States. Indian life revolves mostly around agriculture and allied activities in small villages, where the overwhelming majority of Indians live. As per the 2001 census, 72.2% of the population lives in about 638,000 villages and the remaining 27.8%lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.

India is the second most populous country in the world, with over 1.21 billion people ( 2011 census ), more than a sixth of the world’s population. Already containing 17.5% of the world’s population, India is projected to be the world’s most populous country by 2025, surpassing China, its population exceeding 1.6 billion people by 2050. However, its population growth rate is only 1.41%, ranking 93rd in the world. India has more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% hovers below the age of 35. It is expected that, in 2020, the average age of an Indian will be 29 years, compared to 37 for China and – 48 for Japan; and, by 2030, India’s dependency ratio should be just over 0.4.
India has more than two thousand ethnic groups, and every major religion is represented, as are four major families of languages ( Indo – European, Dravidian, Austro – Asiatic and Tibeto – Burman languages ) as well as a language isolate ( the Nihali language spoken in parts of Maharashtra ).

India contains the majority of the world’s Zoroastrians, Sikhs, Hindu Jains and Bahai. India is also home to the third-largest Muslim population in the world after Indonesia and Pakistan. Religious majorities vary greatly among state. Jammu and Kashmir and Lakshadweep are Muslim majority states; Nagaland, Mizoram and Meghalaya are Christian majority; Punjab is Sikh majority. It is to be noted that while participants in the Indian census may choose not to declare their religion, there is no mechanism for a person to indicate that he / she does not adhere to any religion. Due to this limitation in the Indian census process, the data for persons not affiliated with any religion may not be accurate.

Population Distribution 2011

Population of selected countries

Sex Ratio of Selected Countries 2011

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Census of India 2011

Slogan : Our Census Our Future

Area and Population 2011 ( States / Union Territories )

• The population density of India has gone up to 382 persons per sq. km in 2011 from 325 persons per sq. km. in 2001.
• India accounts for 2.4 percent of the world surface area of 135.79 million sq. km and it supports and sustains 17.5 percent of the world population. In contrast, the USA accounts for 7.2 percent of the surface area with only 4.5 per cent of the world population.
• Amongst States, Bihar is the most densely populated State with 1102 persons / sq. on and Arunachal Pradesh the least densely populated State with 17 persons / sq. km. in 2011.
• While working out the figures for Jammu & Kashmir, the entire area and population of those portions of Jammu & Kashmir which are under illegal occupation of Pakistan and China have not been taken into account.

Number of Administrative Units in Census 2011

Position of India in World Population 2011

• Population of India, at 1210.2 million, is almost equal to the combined population of U.S.A., Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together- the population of these six countries totals 1214.3 million.
• Population of India has increased by more than 181 million during the decade 2001 – 2011. The absolute addition is slightly lower than the population of Brazil, the fifth most populous country in the world.

India’s Total Population in 2011 : 1,21,01,93,422 Million

Population of India 2001 – 2011

India Population in Millions 1901 – 2011

• 2001 – 2011 is the fist decade ( with the exception of 1911 – 1921 ) which has actually added lesser population compared to the previous decade.
• Census 2011 marks a milestone in the demographic history of the country as the percentage decadal growth during 2001 – 2011 has registered the sharpest decline since independence.
• For 2001 – 2011, this decadal growth has become 17.64 percent a decrease of 3.90 percentage points from 21.54 percent.

Population Share of States and Union Territories, India 2011

• Uttar Pradesh is the most populous State with almost 200 million people, which is more than the population of Brazil.
• The combined population of Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra ( the second most populous State ), at 312 million, is substantially greater than the population of USA.

Three – fifth of India’s population live in one of the seven States,

1. Uttar Pradesh : 199.6 million
2. Maharashtra : 112.4 million
3. Bihar : 103.8 million
4. West Bengal : 91.3 million
5. Andhra Pradesh : 84.7 million
6. Madhya Pradesh : 72.6 million
7. Tamil Nadu : 72.1 million

• The least populous State is Sikkim.
• Among the Union Territories, NCT of Delhi is the most populous

Population Wise Top 5 States / UTs in India

Population Wise Bottom 5 States / UTs in India

India Districts Ranked as per Population 2011

Top 2 Districts

1. Thane ( Maharashtra ) l,10,54,131
2. North Twenty Four Parganas ( West Bengal ) 1,00,82352

Bottom 2 Districts

1. Dibang Valley ( Arunachal Pradesh ) 7,948
2. Anjaw ( Arunachal Pradesh ) 21,089

Percentage Decadal Growth 2011

The percentage decadal growth rates of the six most populous States have declined during 2001 – 2011 compared to 1991 – 2001

• Uttar Pradesh ( 25.85% to 20.09% )
• Maharashtra ( 22.73% to 15.99% )
• Bihar ( 28.62% to 25.07% )
• West Bengal ( 17.77% to 13.93% )
• Andhra Pradesh ( 14.59% to 11.10% )
• Madhya Pradesh ( 24.26% to 20.30% )

States / UTs Ranked as per % Growth of Population 2011

Top 2 States / UTs

1. Dadra & Nagar : 55.50 % of growth
2. Daman & Diu : 53.54 % of growth

Top 2 Districts

1. Kurung Kumey ( Arunachai Pradesh ) : 111.01 % of growth
2. Yanam ( Puducherry ): 77.15 % of growth

Bottom 2 States/UTs :

1. Nagaland: -0.47 % of growth
2. Kerala: 4.86 % of growth

Bottom 2 Districts:

1. Longleng (Nagaland ) : -58.39
2. Kiphire ( Nagaland ) : -30.54

{tab=Population}
Population ( 0 – 6 years ) Highlights 2011

The total number of children in the age – group 0 – 6 is 158.8 million.

• Uttar Pradesh ( 29.7 million )
• Bihar ( 18.6 million )
• Maharashtra ( 12.8 million )
• Madhya Pradesh ( 10.5 million )
• Rajasthan ( 10.5 million )

constitute 52% Children in the age group of 0 – 6 years.

Districts Ranked as per Proportion of Population ( 0 – 6 years ) 2011

Top 2 Districts

• Kupwara ( Jammu & Kashmir ) : 22.50
• West Khasi Hills ( Meghalaya ) :22.47

Bottom 2 Districts

• Pathanamthitta ( Kerala ) : 7.65
• Kolkata ( West Bengal ) : 6.69

Gender Composition of Population 2011

2011 ( Provisional )

• Overall Sex ratio at the National level has increased by 7 points since Census 2001 to reach 940 at Census 2011.
• This is the highest Sex Ratio recorded since Census 1971 and a shade lower than 1961
• Increase in Sex Ratio is observed in 29 States / UTs.
• Three major States ( J&K, Bihar & Gujarat ) have shown decline in Sex Ratio as compared to Census 2001.

Sex Ratio in India 1901 – 2011

Census Year Sex ratio ( Females per 1,000 males )

States / UTs Ranked as Per Sex Ratio 2011

Top 2 States / UTs

1. Kerala 1,084
2. Puducherry 1,038

Bottom 2 States / UTs

1. Daman & Diu 618
2. Dadra & Nagar Haveli 775

Child sex Ratio 0 – 6 years and overall sex Ratio in India 1961 – 2011

The sex ratio of India is 940, the highest since 1971. The sex ratio has risen by seven points since Census 2001.

• Majority of the States identified as gender critical have shown increasing trend in the sex ratio.
• Sex ratio has arisen in all major States, except two, Bihar and Jammu & Kashmir.
• The fall in child sex ratio has been unabated since 1961. As per Census 2011, it has declined to reach an all time low of 914.

The Child Sex Ratio at India level 914 is lowest since Independence

Top 2 States / UTs

1. Mteoram 971
2. Meghalaya 970

Bottom 2 States / UTs

1. Haryana 830
2. Punjab 846

Literacy Rate in India 2011

Literacy rates by gender and male – female gap in literacy rates, India 1951 – 2011

• Literates constitute 74 percent of the total population aged seven and above.
• Literacy rate has gone up from 64.83 per cent in 2001 to 74,04 per cent in; 2011 showing an increase of 9.21 percentage points.
• A decline of 31,196,847 among illiterates is noted in Census 20111 a significant milestone.
• Out of 217,700,941 literates added during the decade, females ( 110,069,001 ) out number males
  ( 107,631,940 ).
• Literacy rates for males and females work out to be 82.14 percent ( + 6.88 ) and 65.46 percent ( +11.79 ) has increased compared to 2001. The gender gap in literacy rate has reduced

4 States and 6 Union Territories viz., Kerala, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, Tripura, Goa, Daman & Diu, Puducherry, Chandigarh, Delhi and Andaman & Nicobar Islands have achieved literacy rate of above 85 per cent, the target set by the Planning Commission to be achieved by 2011 – 2012.

Literacy Rate has gone up to 74.04 per cent in 2011

Literacy level and educational attainment are vital indicators of development in a society. Attainment of universal primary education is one of the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations to be achieved by the year 2015.Planning Commission has also targeted in the eleventh Five Year Plan to increase literacy rate of persons of age 7 years or more to 85% and reducing gender gap in literacy to’ 10 percentage points by 2011 – 12.

Literacy Rate in India 1951 – 2011

Male – Female Gap in Effective Literacy Rate

Ranking of Districts

Ranking of States and Union Territories by Literacy Rate 2011

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Density of Population 2001 – 2011

Ranking of States by density 2001 and 2011

Top 5 States

Bottam 5 States

India Rural Population Data 2011

Population

As per the Provisional Population Totals of Census 2011, the total population of India was 1210.2 million. Of this, the rural population stands at 833.1 million and the urban population 377.1 million. In absolute numbers, the rural population has increased by 90.47 million and the urban population by 91.00 million in the last decade. Uttar Pradesh has the largest rural population of 155.11 million ( 18.62% of the country’s rural population ) whereas Maharashtra has the highest urban population of 50.83 million ( 13.48% of country’s urban population ) in the country.

Growth Rate

The growth rate of population for India in the last decade was 17.64%. The growth rate of population in rural and urban areas was 12.18% and 31.80% respectively. Bihar ( 23.90% ) exhibited the highest decadal growth rate in rural population.

Proportion of Population
In percentage terms, the rural population formed 68.84% of the total population with the urban population constituting 31.16% ( increase of 3.35% ). Himachal Pradesh ( 89.96% ) has the largest proportion of rural population, while Delhi (97.50%) has the highest proportion of urban population. The EAG States have a lower percentage of urban population ( 21.13% ) in comparison to non EAG States ( 39.66% ).

Sex Ratio

The Sex Ratio in the country which was 933 in 2001 had risen by 7 points to 940 in 2011. The increase in rural areas has been 1 point from 946 to 947. The same in urban areas has been 26 points from 900 to 926. Kerala has the highest sex ratio in total ( 1084 ), rural ( 1077 ) and 1 urban ( 1091 ). In rural Chandigarh ( 691 ) and in urban, Daman & Diu ( 550 ) show the lowest sex ratio in the country respectively. Eight states namely Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and 1 UT Lakshadweep show fall in the sex ratio in rural area and 2 UTs Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli in urban areas.

Child Population ( 0 – 6 years )

Out of the child population of 158.8 million in the age group of 0-6 in the country the rural child population stands at 117.6 million and urban at 41.2 million in 2011. The Child population has declined by 5.0 million in the country – decline of 8.9 million in rural areas and increase of 3.9 million in urban areas. The Country has observed a decline in the percentage of child population in the age group 0 – 6 years by about 3 percentage points over the decade – rural areas show a decline of about 3 % and urban a decline of 2%. The growth rate of Child population has been -3.08% in the last decade ( Rural- ( – ) 7.04%; Urban- ( + ) 10.32% ).

Child Sex Ratio ( 0 – 6 years )

Census 2011 marks a considerable fall in child sex ratio in the age group of 0 – 6 years and has reached an all time low of 914 since 1961. The fall has been 13 points ( 927 – 914 ) for the country during 2001 – 2011. In rural areas, the fall is significant -15 points ( 934 – 919 ) and in urban areas it has been 4 points ( 906 – 902 ) over the decade 2001 – 2011. Delhi ( 809 ) has recorded the lowest and Andaman & Nicobar Islands ( 975 ) the highest child sex ratio in rural areas. Haryana ( 829 ) has recorded the lowest and Nagaland ( 979 ) the highest child sex ratio in urban areas.

Number of Literates

As per the Provisioned Population Totals of Census 2011, the number of literates in India was 778.5 million. Of ( his, 493.0 million literates were in rural areas and 285.4 million literates in urban areas. Out of an increase of 217.8 million literates over the decade 2001 – 2011, rural areas accounted for 131.1 million and urban areas 86.6 million. The highest number of rural literates has been recorded in Uttar Pradesh ( 88.4 million ). Maharashtra ( 40.8 million ) has recorded the highest number of literates in urban areas.

Literacy Rate

The Literacy Rate of India as per the Provisional Population Totals of Census 2011 is 74.04. In rural areas the Literacy Rate is 68.91 and in urban areas it is 84.98.
The decadal change works out to 9.21 points – 10.17 points in rural areas and 5.06 points in urban areas respectively. The male Literacy Rate which is 82.14 ( Rural -78.57; Urban -89.67 ) is higher than the female Literacy Rate of 65.46 ( Rural – 58.75; Urban -79.92 ). The increase in female literacy rate is significantly higher in all areas i.e. total ( 11.79 points ), rural ( 12.62 points ) and urban ( 7.06 points ) in comparison to corresponding male literacy rates – total ( 6.88 points ), rural ( 7.87 ) and urban ( 3.40 points ) over the decade.

It is significant to note that the gap in literacy rate among males and females has reduced to 16.68 in the country. The gap is 19.82 points in rural areas and 9.75 points in urban areas. Kerala ( 92.92 ) ranks first in rural areas whereas Mizoram ( 98.1 ) ranks first in urban areas. As far as Male literacy rate is concerned, Kerala ( 95.29 ) ranks first in rural areas whereas Mizoram ( 98.67 ) ranks first in urban areas. Rajasthan ( 46.25 ) has recorded lowest female literacy rate in rural areas, whereas, Jammu & Kashmir ( 70.19 ) has the lowest female literacy rate in urban areas. Lowest male literacy rate in rural areas has been recorded in Arunachal Pradesh ( 68.79 ) and in urban areas in Uttar Pradesh ( 81.75 ).
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