Circulatory System of Human Body
Human Heart and its Functioning
Size 12 x 9 cm and 300 gm weight.
Enclosed in a tough, 2 – Layered Connective Tissue Sac, the Pericardium.
Has 4 Chambers : 2 upper Smaller Auricles and 2 Lower Larger Ventricles.
The right auricle receives 2 Large Veins : superior vena cava and inferior vena cava.
The right auricle opens into right ventricle through tricuspid valve.
The right ventricle gives off a large blood vessel which carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
This blood vessel is guarded by semi – lunar valve to prevent backflow of blood into ventricles.
Blood again returns to heart from the lungs in left auricle. Now the blood is oxygenated.
The left auricle opens into left ventricle through a bicuspid valve.
From the left ventricle the blood flows throughout the body through a large blood vessel called aorta.
It is again guarded by semi – lunar valves to prevent back – flow of blood.
To pump – out blood, the heart chambers undergo alternate contraction called systole and relaxation called diastole.
To pump – out blood, the heart chambers undergo alternate contraction called systole and relaxation called diastole.
The regular sequence of these systole and diastole causes the heart sound LUBB and DUPP.
Lubb is produced by the closing of tricuspid and bicuspid valves while dupp is produced by the closing of semi – lunar valves.
Our heart – beat is myogenic in nature ie, it is initiated by a patch of modified heart muscles itself without requiring an external stimulation.
This patch is the sino – auricular node which is called the Pacemaker’. Normal heart beat is 72 /min.
Heart Failure : When S.A. node does not initiate any impulse.
Sphygmomanometer measure the BP. There are 2 limits of BP :
- Higher Limit
- Lower Limit
| [ O ] | |
|---|---|
| 'O' Jerusalem | Larry Collins & Dominique Lapierre |
| Odakkuzhal | G. Shankara Kurup |
| Of Human Bondage | W. Somerset Maugham |
| Oliver Twist | Charles Dickens |
| On The Threshold of Hope | Pope John Paull II |
| One Hundred Years of Solitude | Gabriel Garcia Marquez |
| One World and India | Arnold Toynbee |
| One World | Wendelll Wilkie |
| Operation Bluestar: The True Story | Lt. Gen. K.S. Brar |
| Operation Shylock | Phillip Roth |
| Othello | William Shakespeare |
| Our Films, Their Fiims | Satyajit Ray |
| Out of Africa | Isak Dinesen |
| [ R ] | |
| Rabbit, Run | John Updike |
| Rangbhoomi | Prem Chand |
| Rape of Bangladesh | Anthony Mascarenhas |
| Ravan & Eddie | Kiran Nagarkar |
| Rebel, The | Albert Camus |
| Red Badge of Courage | Stephen Crane |
| Red Earth and Pouring Rain | Vikram Chandra |
| Red Star Over China | Edgar Snow |
| Reflections on the French Revolution | Edmund Burke |
| Remembering Babylon | David Malouf |
| Rendezvous with Rama | Arthur C. Clark |
| Revolution from Within | Gloria Steinem |
| Riding the Storm | Harold MacMillan |
| Riot: A Novel | Shashi Tharoor |
| Rise and Fall of the Third Reich | William L. Shierer |
| Robinson Crusoe | Daniel Defoe |
| Romeo and Juliet | William Shakespeare |
| Room at the Top | John Braine |
| Rubaiyati Omar Khayyam | Edward Fitzgerald |
| [ S ] | |
| Saket | Maithili Sharan Gupta |
| Sanctuary | William Faulkner |
| Scam, The: Who Won, Who Lost, Who Got Away | Debashis Basu and Sucheta Dalal |
| Scarlet Letter | Nathaniel Hawthorne |
| Seven Lamps of Architecture | John Ruskin |
| Seven Summers | Mulk Raj Anand |
| Sexual Behaviour in the American Male | Alfred Kinsey |
| Shadow and Act | Ralph Ellison |
| Shadow from Ladakh | Bhavani Bhattacharya |
| Shape of Things to Come | H. G. Wells |
| She Stoops to Conquer | Oliver Goldsmith |
| Siddharta | Hermann Hesse |
| Silent Spring | Rachel Carson |
| Six Characters in Search of an Author | Luigi Piradello |
| Six Easy Pieces | Richard P. Feynman |
| Slaughter House Five | Kurt Vonnegut |
| Small is Beautiful: A study of Economics as if People Mattered | Ernst Schumacher |
| Snakes and Ladders: Essays on India | Gita Mehta |
| Snow Country | Yasunari Kawabata |
| Sohrab and Rustam | Mathew Arnold |
| Sons and Lovers | D. H. Lawrence |
| Sophie's Choice | William Styron |
| Story of My Life | Moshe Dayan |
| Strangers and Brothers | C. P. Snow |
| Strife | John Galsworthy |
| Stupid White Men | Michael Moore |
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| Swami and Friends | R. K. Naravan |
Higher limit is the systolic BP at the time of ventricular systole while lower limit is the diastolic BP at the time of ventricular diastole. BP is 120/80 mm of Hg.
Note :
Pulmonary Artery : The only artery which carries deoxygenated blood. It carries blood from right ventricle to lungs.
Pulmonary Vein : The only vein which carries oxygenated blood. It carries blood from lungs to left auricle.
All pulmonary volume and capacities are about 20% to 25% less in women than in men, more in athletic people than non-exercising ones and more in non smokers than the smokers.
Diseases of Heart
| Course | SC / ST | OBC | Others |
|---|---|---|---|
| MBBS | Two | One | One |
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